En este artículo se presenta la aplicación de métodos de análisis modal operacional (OMA, Operational Modal Analysis) con el objetivo de caracterizar los parámetros modales (v.g. frecuencias y modos de vibración) de una edificación. El estudio se realiza sobre un escenario real consistente en un edificio esencial. En concreto se emplea: el método de descomposición en el dominio de la frecuencia (FDD, Frequency Domain Decomposition) y su versión mejorada (EFDD, Enhanced-FDD). En una primera etapa, se lleva a cabo una evaluación estructural preliminar del edificio (empleando el método de inspección visual rápida, RVS), un levantamiento de dimensiones y ensayos en campo para la caracterización mecánica de sus componentes, todo ello con el propósito de conseguir un análisis modal convencional lo más fiable posible en términos de sus parámetros modales. Con base en este análisis modal, se diseña un plan de instrumentación con acelerómetros triaxiales de sistemas microelectromecánicos (MEMS); el proceso de instrumentación abarca tres etapas: la adquisición, el control y el almacenamiento de información. La principal contribución de este trabajo consiste en la evaluación de la aplicación de los métodos FDD y EFDD sobre un edificio esencial, con la particularidad del uso de vibraciones de microsismicidad para la identificación de parámetros modales. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos determina una frecuencia fundamental del edificio de 1.43 Hz, y evidencia un comportamiento modal no recomendado.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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